800602 US news world report

800602 US news world report

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Note: I notified Dr. Mishlove others sometime ago that my UFOs (SIs) were going to war against the U.S. until The Race is provided. Owens

U.S. News & World Report
June 2, 1980

# Tomorrow.

A LOOK AHEAD FROM THE NATION'S CAPITAL

Newsgram

2300 N Street, N.W.
Washington, D.C. 20037

Disaster after disaster--natural and man-made, at home and abroad--are crowding in on Jimmy Carter, bedeviling him and the country.

On the Pacific Coast, eruption of Mount St. Helens will scar the Columbia River basin, disrupt thousands of lives and the local economy for decades. Not much the President can do about that, except inspect--and send money.

In Florida, the vicious form of racial violence that engulfed Miami hints at a new type of urban strife--more coldblooded, calculated than in the '60s.

In New York State, 710 families may be uprooted, moved from the Love Canal area--first of what could be many victims of contamination from chemical dumps.

Overseas, the President is routinely being blind-sided by allies. . . .

On Iran, Britain's default on the promise to impose meaningful sanctions could unravel the international effort to free the American hostages.

On Afghanistan, many of the allies are bucking Carter, refusing to boycott the Moscow Olympics to protest the Soviet invasion of that country.

On the Mideast, the Western Europeans threaten to undercut Israeli-Egyptian talks by endorsing creation of a Palestinian state on the West Bank.

On East-West relations, the French are getting more and more two-faced, playing games with the Kremlin and eroding what's left of American leadership.

Across the Pacific, the military takeover in South Korea threatens to split that country, hobble its economy and prompt North Korea to make trouble. Chances that Carter can persuade Seoul's generals to relax their grip are slim.

Over all, Carter looks hexed, facing many complex riddles all at once.

Down on Main Street, the economy is not going by the book, either. The recession now is shaping up as a "V" downturn--like this: A sharper drop than anticipated, then a rebound early next year. That's the way more and more economists see it. Plenty of signs of a rapid slide are flashing, making Carter's talk of a mild slowdown unlikely--

Growth in people's income came to a standstill in April, prompting consumers to spend less money for the first month since June, 1979.

Industry is operating plants at the lowest level in three years.

Profits are falling--down 2.6 percent last winter, after adjustment for inflation. Retail-store sales are punk. The jobless, now numbering more than 7.27 million, are increasing, could reach 9 to 10 million before peaking. To hear the country's purchasing managers tell it, the economy sagged dramatically

(over)

U.S. NEWS & WORLD REPORT, June 2, 1980

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June 2, 198

U.S. NEWS & WORLD REPORT

this is Florida

Sure, an "act" from my man.

"lingering frustration". If I am de-pilled, the U.S. will go.

- Irene

# Rage in Miami A Warning?

Three days of racial fury left 15 persons dead--9 blacks and 6 whites--took a financial toll of close to 200 million dollars. As the smoke cleared, the country wondered whether the rioting was an omen.

A nation stunned by the worst outbreak of racial violence in 13 years is asking: Does the Miami eruption signal a return to the turmoil that afflicted America's big cities in the 1960s?

The answer people want to hear is "No." But black leaders and many others see chilling evidence that frustrations in the nation's ghettos may once again be nearing the boiling point.

Cited are the deepening recession, growing unemployment and sharp cutbacks in social services--all of which are eroding the gains made by blacks in the early 1970s.

What's more, the hostility between blacks and police is again on the rise in many communities. In some cities, too, friction is growing between black residents and other minority groups, mainly Hispanics.

**Danger: Flammable.** "I would pray and hope and work that there would be no more violence in our cities this summer," declares Benjamin Hooks, executive director of the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People. "But when you have these kinds of depressed conditions, you create the classic symptoms for a riot."

The conditions that fueled the Miami outburst are seen as far from unique. Asserts the Rev. Jesse Jackson: "There is a Miami in every American city."

The racial violence in Miami, the worst in this country since 43 persons died in a 1967 riot in Detroit, claimed the lives of 15 persons--9 blacks, 6 whites--and injured more than 300. Damage was estimated at nearly 200 million dollars from a wave of fires and looting that lasted for three days before subsiding on May 20.

What set off the Miami disorders was a police-community conflict, raising fears that similar tensions elsewhere might have the same effect. "There is no single issue that ... has the potential for serious disorder as police use of deadly and excessive force," says Robert Lamb, Jr., a regional director of the U.S. Community Relations Service.

The Miami rampage began on the evening of May 17 after the acquittal by an all-white jury of four white police officers accused of bludgeoning to death Arthur McDuffie, a black insurance salesman who had sped through red lights on a motorcycle. Angry blacks took to the streets, chanting McDuffie's name and charging that this was only one in a string of recent incidents in which police escaped punishment for brutalizing black citizens.

In many other cities, too, police episodes have deeply aroused feelings in the ghettos--feelings that local black leaders fear could erupt into violence with the right chain of events.

**Bruised expectations.** Whatever the spark, the basic tinder would be economic frustration, the experts say. For many blacks, the hopes raised after the riots in the 1960s--for better jobs, schools, housing and social services--have been dashed.

While the outright segregation that once spurred black protests has vanished, other hurdles to joining the mainstream of American life remain. "Blacks can now sit in restaurants and use the restrooms, but those businesses are still owned by whites," says Shirley Porter, president of the New Orleans NAACP. "Our economic involvement has not grown since the '60s."

Black hopes were raised during the Vietnam War, a period in which the economy was steadily expanding. Now the nation is being buffeted by double-

Where Death, Destruction Reigned

(Map of Miami showing areas of greatest violence, Biscayne Bay, Miami Beach, and Downtown)

U.S. NEWS & WORLD REPORT, June 2, 1980

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2 out of the 3 have been PKd by me. Owens

happens," reports Jim Hayes, director of a New Orleans community group.

Some black and race-relations experts also are encouraged by President Carter's decision to dispatch Atty. Gen. Benjamin Civiletti to Miami to investigate the longstanding complaints against the local police and prosecutors. Federal officials asked a grand jury to consider civil-rights charges against the four officers acquitted in the McDuffie case, and Civiletti pledged that all members of the troubled community would get "a fair shake."

Whether this response will be seen as a positive signal by blacks in other cities is open to question. In the days following the Miami uprising, sporadic violence broke out in Tampa and continued in Wrightsville, Ga., where trouble began in April.

Some blacks insist that calm will prevail only if there is a broad attack on

WIDE WORLD

During the 1967 riots, Newark looked like the stage set of a war movie.

their basic social and economic problems--not merely more studies like those produced after the disorders of the 1960s.

"Americans have tragically short memories," offers Miami's Professor Dunn. "A commission will be appointed, boards and panels will meet, and not a damn thing will be done, and that's why I'm worried."

He adds: "The tragedy of Miami is the country's tragedy. It could happen anywhere."

*This story and the one that follows were written by Associate Editor David F. Pike, with reporting assistance from Jeannye Thornton in Washington, Linda Lanier in Miami and the magazine's nine domestic bureaus.*

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# In Three Cities, Uneasy Calm--And Rising Fears

The ingredients for violence exist in any big city--and many small ones. Here, in profiles of three cities, are reasons why there is worry.

**New York City.** "There is a seething type of calmness here," says Isaiah E. Robinson, Jr., chairman of the city's Commission on Human Rights. "It's like a powder keg about to blow."

Civil-rights leaders cite two major factors that could lead to trouble. One is the deteriorating economy, which has produced a jobless rate estimated at 40 percent among nonwhite youths. The other is a feeling among minorities that they are being forced to bear the brunt of the city's financial cutbacks.

Mayor Edward Koch is castigated for his plan to close a municipal hospital in Harlem. "That action tells us they don't care whether we're sick or we die," says Horace W. Morris, executive director of the New York Urban League.

Mayor Koch believes that race-related riots could break out in any big city--and he blames the federal government. "The conditions of the urban centers are abominable, and it is a result of federal neglect," he says.

**Cleveland.** This city was rocked by rioting in 1966, and many of the problems that caused that outburst still have not been solved.

One continuing source of tension here, as in Miami, is bad relations between blacks and police. In a city that is about half black in population, nearly 90 percent of the police are white. Last year, an FBI agent was fatally shot in a Cleveland housing project. U.S. Representative Louis Stokes, a black, recalls: "When they brought the body out, the crowds there cheered. That, to me, was a symbol of police-community relations."

Feelings such as these surfaced again last month when a black city councilman charged that police handcuffed him and threw him in a police car as he was helping a family in his district. The black community feels there is delay in investigating that incident.

Other tensions are building up in Cleveland. Large-scale busing for school integration is to begin next autumn. An open-housing program has raised blacks' suspicions that it is being used to move them out of the inner city and weaken their political power.

They remember what happened in Hough, the preponderantly black section where the 1966 riots took place. Today Hough "is almost a deserted city," says William Wolfe, president of the Urban League of Greater Cleveland.

Blacks have gained some power in city government. They hold 14 of 33 city-council seats and once elected a black mayor. But that doesn't solve the blacks' problems, says Stokes. He predicts: "What happened in Miami could happen in any major city today. The nation is playing with a powder keg."

Says Larry Hines, an official of the Urban League: "I'm not predicting a riot. But Cleveland is ripe for racial unrest."

**Newark.** Many buildings that were wrecked in the 1967 riots here still lie in rubble--and still smouldering is the black anger that precipitated those riots.

About 65 percent of Newark's residents are black, and many others are Hispanic.

The estimates of unemployment among nonwhite teen-agers range as high as 80 percent, and one civil-rights leader believes that the economic statistics portend a summer of unrest.

Other factors, however, could work to contain trouble. One is the ascendance of blacks to political power. Newark has a black mayor, a black majority on the City Council and a black police director.

Mayor Kenneth A. Gibson says that it is police-community conflict--not the economy--that sets off racial riots. He points hopefully to the community-relations program of the Newark police. "As long as we don't have any incidents of police abuse, then we'll have very little chance of an explosion," he says.

"The ingredients are here to cause a riot," says Bobbie Cottle, acting president of the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People in Newark. "But I'm optimistic that we're doing some of the right things to abort trouble."

U.S.NEWS & WORLD REPORT, June 2, 1980


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"Linger effect" Power Attack; also California warning. Owens

# Exploding Volcano: Full Impact Yet to Come

U.S. News & World Report
June 2, 1980

**Weather, crops, fishing and timber industries--and taxpayers, too--will feel the fury of nature's attack at Mount St. Helens.**

The impact of the devastating eruption of Mount St. Helens in Washington will be felt for months--and perhaps years--to come.

* Crops such as wheat and apples have been badly damaged by the volcanic fury, and later growth also may suffer.
* The timber industry in the Northwest could require years to recover.
* Weather will be affected over much of the earth, especially in the Northern Hemisphere.
* Water supplies in some Northwestern communities have become so clogged that a major cleanup effort is necessary.
* Fish in nearby streams were killed by the millions, and shortages of some species appear likely in future years.
* Electrical power in parts of the Northwest may face disruptions.
* Transportation routes--from river shipping to highways--will require extensive repairs.
* Long-term--but as yet undetermined--health problems may have been created.

Many of these problems could be aggravated considerably if Mount St. Helens continues to erupt periodically, as it has in the past. Agricultural experts are particularly worried that the spread of more ash could kill much of the Northwest's wheat crop.

Even without further emissions of ash, the cost of repairing damage inflicted by the eruption may exceed 1 billion dollars--with much of that to be paid for by local, state and federal taxpayers. President Carter, who flew to Washington on May 21 to assess the damage, declared the state a major disaster area, thus making residents eligible for low-interest loans.

**Bomblike blast.** The devastation began on May 18, when an explosion, estimated at 500 times the force of the atomic bomb that destroyed Hiroshima, ripped off the top 1,200 feet of the 9,700-foot volcano near Vancouver, Wash. In less than seven days, a cloud of volcanic gas containing some toxic chemicals and minute particles of radioactive substances spread over most of North America.

Scientists say that within several months the cloud--invisible to the naked eye in most regions--will cover the Northern Hemisphere in the stratosphere above 55,000 feet. It is expected to last about two years before completing its fall to earth.

The environmental effects are considerable, although they tend to decrease as distances from the volcano increase. The greatest economic impact is expected to be to the agriculture and timber industries in Washington and Idaho.

The logging industry in central Washington suffered the greatest initial economic damage--estimated at 500 million dollars or more. Officials say that some small logging companies may never recover from the loss of equipment--and enough trees were lost to build 200,000 single-family homes, roughly a fifth of the number of housing units to be started this year throughout the U.S.

Forest companies have not completed surveys of the damage, but many experts believe the destruction will not appreciably affect the price of lumber to consumers in the long run. At present, the lumber industry is working at far less than capacity because so little new housing is being built. The impact of the destruction of timber may be felt, however, when home building revives.

Another consequence of the explo-

Volcanic convulsions May 18 caused numerous deaths and left a broad band of destruction across three states.

The logging industry could take years to recover from volcano's blast.

Initial Path Of Volcanic Ash

Noon, May 18
Mount St. Helens erupts 8:29 a.m., Pacific daylight time, on May 18

Noon, May 19

Noon, May 20

Noon, May 21

Note: Scientists expected the volcanic cloud to disperse over North America in a matter of days.

USN&WR map

U.S. NEWS & WORLD REPORT

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Washington, Idaho and Oregon, and covered farm animals and crops over a wide area. In some sections of western Idaho, ash drifts of 1 foot or more were reported.

Other damage resulted from mudslides and floods caused by material dislodged by the mountain. Many homes, bridges and highways were devastated and shipping channels were clogged by silt.

More than two dozen vessels were trapped in the harbors in or near the Columbia River--the major port of Portland, Oreg., in particular. Officials said it could take a year or more to clean up Portland's shipping channel. Damage to water routes was estimated at 15 million dollars.

The explosion also took its toll of roads and communication lines, which were disrupted over wide areas of Washington and Idaho, leaving thousands of persons stranded.

Still another worry: Blowing and shifting ash will clog electrical generators or transformers, disrupting electrical supplies in large portions of the Northwest.

Geologists have redoubled their studies of the mountain to try to determine whether any more big eruptions are imminent. They hope instruments will reveal considerably more about origins of the spectacular explosion of Mount St. Helens that occurred 8 minutes after a moderate earthquake.

**Blowing its top.** Some scientists think the tremor may have triggered the eruption. Geologists say the peak exploded following the buildup of pressure from gas and magma--molten rock--inside the mountain, which had lain dormant for 123 years.

The blast emitted thousands of tons of volcanic ash into the atmosphere, and its aftereffects were responsible for at least 30 deaths. Another hundred or so residents and campers who had decided to remain near the mountain despite previous upheavals were still missing in late May.

The most immediate damage from the blast, which created a mile-long crater on the north side of the mountain, occurred as a glowing avalanche of hot ash and gases raced 17 miles down the Toutle River Valley. Huge trees were blown down like matchsticks, and dozens of bridges and homes were wiped out. The initial blast also destroyed hundreds of deer, elk and other wildlife.

Some geologists believe the emissions of ash from the volcano may continue for as long as 20 years. Says Sam Frear, a Forest Service official in Washington: "We're entirely at the mercy of the mountain."

U.S.NEWS & WORLD REPORT, June 2, 1980

- [ ]

Pacific Ocean

Active and dormant volcanic areas

USN&WR map

# Violence From the "Ring of Fire"

The eruption of Mount St. Helens signals increased earthquake and volcanic activity around the rim of the Pacific Ocean, including the U.S. mainland.

Scientists say this "ring of fire," containing more than 60 percent of the world's 600 known active volcanoes, is showing signs of some of the greatest potential volcanic violence in recent history. The area extends in a broad semicircle from the west coast of South America up to Alaska and down the western side of the Pacific Ocean and through Japan and Indonesia.

Scientists already have predicted that, in addition to continuous volcanic activity around the ring, large earthquakes are likely to occur in Japan, Alaska, California and Mexico in the next few years.

Seismologists also say the eruption of Mount St. Helens could mean that such seismic activity will prove to be more extensive than they had forecast.

About 50 volcanoes have been active in the U.S. during recorded history. Almost all are along the U.S. portion of the ring of fire in the Cascade Mountains of California, Washington and Oregon, on the Alaska peninsula and the Aleutian and Hawaiian islands.

**Plates and hot spots.** Scientists explain volcanic activity in that area of the U.S. by a new geological theory called plate tectonics, which maintains that the earth's outer face is composed of about a dozen huge plates.

As these constantly moving plates slip and slide over each other, the immense pressures inside the earth cause volcanoes to erupt through weakened points in the planet's crust. The Pacific's ring of fire is the result of such activity, geologists say.

The almost continuous volcanic activity in the Hawaiian Islands is not caused by such plate movement, however, but by a stationary hot spot in the earth's crust, according to scientists. As the massive Pacific plate moves over this hot spot, new volcanic islands are created.

Geologists have watched Mount St. Helens far more carefully than others on the U.S. mainland, since it has been more active and more explosive during the last 4,500 years than any other volcano in the contiguous United States, according to a government scientist.

**A critical study.** Because much still needs to be learned about volcanoes, scientists hope that the eruption of Mount St. Helens, which could continue for years, will give them a chance to study nature's mightiest display as never before. As one geologist explains: "Volcanoes are windows through which the scientist looks into the bowels of the earth."

Many experts believe that this intense study of Mount St. Helens will provide little evidence that the incident foreshadows anything like the eruption of Mount Tambora in Indonesia in 1815 or Krakatoa, also in Indonesia, in 1883. The Krakatoa explosion, which scientists say released energy that was equivalent to nearly 30 hydrogen bombs, caused tidal waves that killed 36,000 people in Java and Sumatra and cooled the earth's climate for nearly two years.

"I'd say this eruption of St. Helens is rather typical of volcanic eruptions," said Murray Mitchell, a National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration climatologist. "It's the kind of thing you expect to happen somewhere around the world every few years."

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